영어문법을 배워보자.(2)

 

* 기초 영어문법을 공부해봅시다.

 

{2} 동사
(1) 동사네 집안사람들

우리말 - 나는 당신을 좋아한다.

영어 - I love you.

자동사 I go to school.

타동사 I broght her here.

완전자동사 A baby cries. SV 1

불완전자동사 She looks pretty. SVC 2

완전타동사 She sang a song. SVO 3

불완전타동사 She made me happy.

SVOO.C 5 + 수여동사 She gave me a cat. SVOI.OD.O 4

 

(2) 동사의 운명

동사의 운명은 정해지지 ×

A hare runs fact.

I run a supermarket.

A big tree stands on the riverside.

I can't stand the pain.

I discussed about my wedding matter. ×

-> I discussed my wedding matter. ○

The thief entered the room.

The president didn't attend the meeting.

“ 나는 그녀와 결혼했다. ” I married with her. ×

나는 그녀와 함께 결혼했다. 같은 장소에서 함께 결혼

-> I married her. ○

-> I was married to her. ○ 수동태

I was married to her last year.

I got married to her last year.

  

(3) 동사의 시제

[ 현재 ]

1. 현재에 동작이 미치는 일 Don't mister me.

2. 현재의 상태 She's ugly.

3. 현재에 영향을 미치는 습관적인 동작 He smokes everyday.

4. 불변의 진리 The sun rises in the east.

Our love is forever. > Our love will be forever.

5. 떠나다, 도착하다(왕래발착동사) She arrives here tonight.

arrive = get to

6. 조건을 나타내는 부사절 if,

when If it rains tomorrow, I won't go to New York.

[ 과거 ]

I wasn't born yesterday.

1. 과거의 습관 He would go shopping with her.

would = will의 과거형 ; -하곤 했었다.

2. 역사 Columbus discovered America in 1492.

3. 과거완료 대용 그는 그의 강아지를 때리고 나서 소주를 마셨다. After he beat his puppy, he drank SoJu. ○

After he had beaten his puppy, he drank SoJu. ○

[ 미래 ]

<단순미래>                  <의지미래>

shall  will  will  - 긍정문 - will  shall shall

shall shall shall - 의문문 - shall  will shall

I will die. (=I will kill myself)

I shall die.

You shall die.

= I will let you die.

= I will make you die

= I will kill you.

Shall I go?

Seek, and you shall find. 예언

He will not say a word at table. 습관

The door won't open. 고집

be going to = be about to I'm going to marry her.

[ 완료 ]

1. 현재완료 have +과거분사

과거의 어떤 시점을 기준으로 해서 말하는 현재 순 간까지 동작이 완료 과거에 출발해서 현재까지 계속되는 것

I have finished my home work. I finished my homework.

① 완료 just, now, already, today I've done the work.

② 경험 ever, never, often, before, once, ~ times

Have you ever been to KyungJoo?

have been to : -에 가본 적이 있다.

Did you go to New York? 단순한 과거시제

Have you ever been to New York? 완료형

Have you gone to New York? ×

have gone to : -에 가고 없다. 

-> Has he gone to New York?

③ 결과 She has gone.

④ 계속 since, for, always, all one's life She's been ill since last week. He's been dead for ten years. 

* I have met her yesterday. ×

yesterday, last week, ago just now(= a shot time ago) -> 과거시제

just, now -> 현재시제

2. 과거완료 had +과거분사

과거보다 더 앞선 과거(대과거)를 출발점으로 해서 과거까지 행해진 일

① 완료 When I got there, she had already been dead.

② 경험 I broke with the girl who my sister had introduced to me. ③ 결과 My wife had gone to bed before I came home.

④ 계속 He had loved his wife until he died.

나를 버리고 가시던 님은 10리도 못 가서 발병 났다.
He had not gone 10 Li before his feet hurt.

not - before ~ : -하지도 않아 ~하다.

나를 보자마자 그녀는 기절하였다.

No sooner had she seen me than she fainted.

No sooner - than ~ : -하자마자 ~하다.

= Hardly - when(before)~, Scarcely - when(before) ~, as soon as

3. 미래완료 will(shall) have + 과거분사

① 완료 I will have been married by 20.

② 경험 I shall have got married three times if I marry July.

③ 결과 I will have met her before I die.

④ 계속 We will have known her for full three years by July.

[ 진행형 ]

1. 현재진행형 be 동사 +동사의 원형 -ing : 하고 있다

① 현재 진행 중 I'm having breakfast.

② 가까운 미래 We're having married soon.

2. 과거진행형 was(were) +동사의 원형 -ing : 하고 있었다.

When I visited my friend, he was beating his wife.

3. 미래진행형 will(shall) be + -ing : 하고 있을 것이다.

When I arrive at the White House, President Clinton will be having dinner with his wife.

4. 예외

< 상태동사 >

① 있다 I'm in Seoul.

② 가지다 I have an apple.

③ 속하다 You belong to me. resemble, love, know, hope, want, believe, remember 

* We're having dinner. ○

< 지각동사 중 무의지동사 >

- 의지적 행위를 나타 낼 때는 진행 시제 가능
hear, see, small, feel 

* We're seeing the night sights of New York. ○

look, watch, listen +진행형

listen 의지에 의한 동작 Listen to me, Ok?

hear 가만히 있어도 들리는 것 He's hard of hearing.