영어문법을 배워보자.(3)

 

* 기초 영어문법을 배워봅시다.

 

{3} 조동사
(1) can

1. 능력

I can fly. 미래형 -> I will be able to fly.

2. 허가

Can I take your wife to the movies? can = may

3. 특수용법

cannot - too, cannot - enough 아무리 -해도 지나치지 않다.

You can't study too hard. I can't thank you enough.
(2) do

1. 부정문

I don't know who you are. do(does) + not -> don't(doesn't) didn't I don't know -> I do not know.

강조 You turkey!

2. 의문문

Does he know I'm a spy?

Do my hips look cute? = My hips look cute? = Are my hips cute?

3. 강조

I do know you're a turkey.

4. 대동사

She speaks English better than I do.

5. 도치문

I did never see such a beauty. 

-> Never did I see such a beauty.

He rarely studies. 

-> Rarely does he study.
(3) may
1. 허가

May I use your money?

May I have the cake?

No, you may not.

No, you must not.

2. 추측 -일지도 모른다.

He may be angry if I call him SOB.

3. 기원 May you succeed!

4. 특수용법

may well -하는 것도 당연하다. -할 만하다.

You may well be proud of your kids.

may as well = had better -하는 게 낫다.

You may as well go back home at once.

5. 과거형 might

① 시제일치

He said, "I may go to Seoul." -> He said that he might go to Seoul.

② 희박한 가능성 I might get married to Cindy.
(4) must

1. 필요, 의무 You must say, 'Yes'. must = have to -> had to, will(shall) have to

2. 강한 금지 You must not go out with him.

3. 강한 추측 -임에 틀림없다.

She must be married. You must be feeling on top of the world.

(5) shall Korean shall prosper forever.

[ should ]

1. 의무 You shouldn't overstay your welcome.

* 오늘날에는 ‘-하는 게 좋다.’ 정도로 쓰임.

You must go home. You should go home.

2. 비난 I should have married Rambo. should have + 과거분사 

-> 후회, 비난, 원망 3. 희망, 제안, 요구 등의 동사 뒤에 오는 종속절

Joe demanded that SoJu marry MaGulLi.

요새는 그냥 동사의 원형을 그대로 씀.
demand, request, order, suggest, propose, insist, desire, wish

4. 무가치한 존재 It is + 형 + that + 주 + should natural, necessary, strange, right, wrong, curious, odd, wonderful, surprising, regretable, a pity It is natural that man should die.
(6) will

1. 의지 I will kill you.

2. 고집 My car won't start.

3. 부드러운 명령 You will leave here tomorrow.

4. 의뢰, 권유 Will you lend me some money? would > will 정중함

5. 습성 The man will pray for hours before dinner. 6. 추측 She will be your fiancee.

[ would ]

1. 공손한 표현 Would you please pass me the salt?

2. 고집 He would not take the money.

3. 과거의 습관 He would came to Seoul to try some kimchee.

4. 과거의 추측 He would be only

15 when he was at college.

5. want to = wish to If you want, I would go with you.

6. would like to I'd like to smuggle some goods.

3대 lies 는? ① 처녀, 시집 안간다. ② 장사, 밑지고 판다. ③ 노인, 어서 죽어야지.

7. would rather - than ~ ~하기보다는 차라리 -하고 싶다.

I would rather go home than stay overnight with you. -, ~ 원형동사
(7) used to
Father used to say that money isn't everything. 상습적 동작

There used to be a big ginko tree next ti the house. 과거의 상태 would는 습관을 나타내지만 상습적, 영속적인 면이 약하다.

* be used to +명사, 동명사 -에 익숙해지다. I'm used to fighting with my wife.