영어문법을 배워보자.(6)

* 기초 영어문법을 공부해 봅시다.

 

{6} 가정법
(1) 직설법 있는 사실대로 서술하는 표현방식

He has two faces.

The old man is very greedy.

(2) 명령법

1. 명령법 +and -하라, 그러면 ~할 것이다.

= If you -, ~

Get divorced, and you'll be happy.

= If you get divorced, you'll be happy.

2. 명령법 +or

-하라, 그렇지 않으면 ~할 것이다.

= If you don't -, ~

Get divorced, or you'll be unhappy.

= If you don't get divorced, you'll be unhappy.

3. let Freeze!

Let's go.

Let us go.

4. 명령문이 아니더라도 동사가 앞에 오는 경우

(Would you) Care for some sweets?

(3) 가정법

[ 가정법 현재 ] 현재, 미래의 불확실한 사실

If it be fine tomorrow, we will go on a date.(가정법)

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a date.(직설법)

If 주어 +현재형(원형), 주어 +현재형(미래형)

If he be dishonest, I will fire him.

= If he is dishonest, I will fire him.

[ 가정법 미래 ]

성립될 수 없는 사실

If she should show up tomorrow, I would marry her.

조건절 : should, were to

주절  : should, would, could, might

[ 가정법 과거 ]

현재 사실에 반대되는 내용

If 주어 +과거형, 주어 +should, would, could, might

1. I wish +가정법 과거

I wish I could meet a mermaid and get married.

= I'm sorry that I can't meet a mermaid and get married.

2. It is time +가정법 과거

It is time we had dinner.

It is time we went to bed.

[ 가정법 과거완료 ]

과거의 사실에 반대되는 내용

If I had been rich, I would have bought a lot of land.

= As I was not rich, I couldn't buy a lot of land.

I wish +가정법 과거완료

I wish you had married me.

[ 잡동사니들 ]

Unless he were honest, I wouldn't vote for him.

unless = if - not ~

If I were you, I would join the army right now.

= Were I you, I would join the army right now.

* if절에 배아파하는 무리

but for = without But for water, man couldn't live.

as if = as though She speaks as if she were a miss. 

 

{7} 부정사
1. 명사적 용법

주어, 보어, 목적어 역할 -하는 것을

To work is to made money.

He likes to make money.

2. 형용사적 용법

-할

I have no friends to count on.

I have no girl to go out with.

I have no food to eat.

3. 부사적 용법

① 목적

-하기 위하여

He lived to die.

She left home to make money.

I go to work to make money.

② 원인

-하다니

I'm very glad to see you again.
I'm sorry to hear that.

③ 결과

-해서 ~가 되다.

He grew up to be a beggar.

He grew up to be hundred.

4. 의문사 +부정사 = 명사구

목적 -을,를

I don't now what to do.

You have to decide where to go.

I know when to leave.

5. 그 밖의 나머지 공부팀

① seem to She seems to be happy.

② be to

가운의 예의

Nothing was to be seen in the cave. (가능)

Bruce Lee was to die young. (운명)

You are not to dump her. (의무)

The President is to be here soon. (예정)

If you are to succeed, you have to work harder. (의도)

6. 부정사의 의미상 주어

네가 백만장자가 되는 것은 불가능한 일이다.

= To be a millionaire is impossible for you.

-> It is impossible for you to be a millionaire.

It - for ~ to

행위자가 중요하지 않을 때는 for +주어 생략 It - to ~

It's good to get up early.

It's easy to study English.

It - of ~ to

It's honest of you to pick up my wallet.

7. 부정사의 부정

It is important not to make a mistake.

in order to = so as to ☞ in order not to = so as not to

8. 부정사의 시제

She seems to be a princess.        (현재시제)

I expect to see you again.           (미래시제)

He seems to have got a new job. (완료시제)

9. 원형부정사

① 지각동사

hear, feel, see, look at, watch I saw her sleep on the grass.

수동태가 되면 to 부활

She was seen to sleep on the grass by me.

② 사역동사
make 강제성을 갖고 -하게 하다.

have  강제성 없이 -하게 하다.

let 허락하여 -하게 하다.

What makes you think so?

I had her get married.

They let me go.

help는 모두 welcome I help you to make money.

= I help you make money.

10. 익혀둬야 할 부정사들

① enough to

-할 만큼 충분한

The bag is cheap enough for me to buy.

② too - to ~

너무 -해서 ~못한다.

She is too young to die.

③ 대부정사 You may die if you want to.